Ask A Librarian
Use the links below or scroll to find the type of information.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Book Title (Publisher, Date), page numbers.
Example:
1. Daniel Ogden, The Werewolf in the Ancient World (Oxford University Press, 2021), 25.
2. Ogden, Werewolf, 45.
Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Publisher, Date.
Example:
Ogden, Daniel. The Werewolf in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2021.
1. Author First Name Last Name and First Name Last Name, Book Title (Publisher, Date), page numbers.
Example:
1. Meg Hafdahl and Kelly Florence, The Science of Monsters: The Truth About Zombies, Witches, Werewolves, Vampires, and Other Legendary Creatures (Skyhorse, 2019), 25.
2. Hafdahl and Florence, Science of Monsters, 45.
Author Last Name, First Name and First Name Last Name. Book Title. Publisher, Date.
Example:
Hafdahl, Meg and Kelly Florence. The Science of Monsters: The Truth About Zombies, Witches, Werewolves, Vampires, and Other Legendary Creatures. Skyhorse, 2019.
1. Company Name, Book Title, edition (Publisher, Date), page numbers.
Example:
1. American Heart Association, The New American Heart Association Cookbook, 8th ed. (Clarkson Potter, 2010), 25.
2. American Heart Association, New American Heart, 45.
Company Name. Book Title. Edition. Publisher, Date.
Example:
American Heart Association. The New American Heart Association Cookbook, 8th ed. Clarkson Potter, 2010.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Chapter Title," in Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name (Publisher, Date), page numbers used.
Example:
1. Joanna Russ, "The Image of Women in Science Fiction," in Science Fiction Criticism: An Anthology of Essential Writings, edited by Rob Latham (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017), 202.
2. Russ, "Image of Women," 210.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Chapter Title." In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name. Publisher, Date.
Example:
Russ, Joanna. "The Image of Women in Science Fiction." In Science Fiction Criticism: An Anthology of Essential Writings, edited by Rob Latham. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.
1. "Entry Title," in Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name ( Publisher, Date), page numbers used.
Example:
1. "Detecting Werewolves," in The Werewolf Book: The Encyclopedia of Shape-Shifting Beings, 2nd ed., edited by Brad Steiger (Visible Ink Press, 2011), 85.
2. "Detecting Werewolves," 86-7.
"Entry Title." In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name. Publisher, Date.
Example:
"Detecting Werewolves." In The Werewolf Book: The Encyclopedia of Shape-Shifting Beings, 2nd ed., edited by Brad Steiger. Visible Ink Press, 2011.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Book Title (Publisher, Date), page numbers. Format.
Example:
1. Nick Groom, The Vampire: A New History (Yale University Press, 2018), 25. EBSCO eBook Collection.
2. Groom, Vampire, 45.
Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Publisher, Date. Format.
Example:
Groom, Nick. The Vampire: A New History. Yale University Press, 2018. EBSCO eBook Collection.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Book Title (Publisher, Date), page numbers. URL.
Example:
1. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, The History of Don Quixote, trans. John Ornsby (Project Gutenberg, 2004), 25. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/996.
2. Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quixote, 45.
Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Publisher, Date. URL.
Example:
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. The History of Don Quixote. Translated by John Ornsby. Project Gutenberg, 2004. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/996.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Journal Title volume, no. Issue (Year): page number used.
Example:
1. Michael Jawer, "Emotion: The Connective Tissue of Atmospheres and Haunts," Journal of Scientific Exploration 37, no. 1 (2023): 89-90.
2. Jawer, "Emotion," 103.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Journal Title volume, no. Issue (Year): page numbers of article.
Example:
Jawer, Michael. "Emotion: The Connective Tissue of Atmospheres and Haunts." Journal of Scientific Exploration 37, no. 1 (2023): 88-105.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Journal Title volume, no. Issue (Year): page number used, URL.
Example:
1. Alex S. Li, "Touring Outer Space: The Past, Present, and Future of Space Tourism," Cleveland Law Library 71, no. 3 (2023): 800, https://research-ebsco-com.lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/linkprocessor/plink?id=7fe6441d-850e-3951-9d65-3867e635d642.
2. Li, "Touring Outer Space," 800-03.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Journal Title volume, no. Issue (Year): page numbers of article. URL.
Example:
Li, Alex S. "Touring Outer Space: The Past, Present, and Future." Cleveland State Law Library 71, no. 3 (2023): 743-810. https://research-ebsco-com.lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/linkprocessor/plink?id=7fe6441d-850e-3951-9d65-3867e635d642.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Journal Title volume, no. Issue (Year): page number used, https://doi.org/DOI.
Example:
1. Ivan Klopov et al., "Digital Transformation of Education Based on Artificial Intelligence," TEM Journal 12, no. 4 (2023): 2627, https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM124-74.
2. Klopov et al., "Digital Transformation," 2629-30.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Journal Title volume, no. Issue (Year): page numbers of article. https://doi.org/DOI.
Example:
Klopov, Ivan, Olexandr Shapurov, Valentyna Voronkova, et al. "Digital Transformation of Education Based on Artificial Intelligence." TEM Journal 12, no. 4 (2023): 2625-634. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM124-74.
For Magazines and newspapers, page numbers if available only need to be included in the footnote.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Magazine Title, Month Day, Year, page number used.
Example:
1. Rohit Bhargava, "Can You Read Culture?," Inc., Winter 2023/2024, 24-5.
2. Bhargava, "Can You Read Culture," 24.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Magazine Title, Month Day, Year.
Example:
Bhargava, Rohit. "Can You Read Culture?" Inc., Winter 2023/2024.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Magazine Title, Month Day, Year, page number used, URL.
Example:
1. TJ Fink, "AI Content Detector: How to Spot AI Creations," Laptop, December 31, 2023, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A777901979/PPPM?u=nhmccd_main&sid=bookmark-PPPM&xid=8da3cc56.
2. Fink, "AI Content Detector."
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Magazine Title, Month Day, Year. URL.
Example:
Fink, TJ. "AI Content Detector: How to Spot AI Creations." Laptop, December 31, 2023. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A777901979/PPPM?u=nhmccd_main&sid=bookmark-PPPM&xid=8da3cc56.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Magazine Title, Month Day, Year, page number used, URL.
Example:
1. Alex Soojung-Kim Pang, "Rest Takes Hard Work," Time, January 25, 2024, https://time.com/6566763/rest-takes-hard-work-essay/.
2. Pang, "Rest Takes Hard Work."
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Magazine Title, Month Day, Year. URL.
Example:
Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim. "Rest Takes Hard Work." Time, January 25, 2024. https://time.com/6566763/rest-takes-hard-work-essay/.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year, Location/Page.
Example:
1. Dana G. Smith, "Here to Help: How to Overcome 'Task Paralysis,'" The New York Times, January 8, 2023, A3
2. Smith, "Here to Help," A3.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year, Location/Page.
Example:
Smith, Dana G. "Here to Help: How to Overcome 'Task Paralysis.'" The New York Times, January 8, 2023, A4.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year, URL.
Example:
1. Daniel Akst, "Should Robots with Artificial Intelligence Have Moral or Legal Rights?," Wall Street Journal, April 10, 2023, https://login.lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/usmajordailies/newspapers/should-robots-with-artificial-intelligence-have/docview/2798764407/sem-2?accountid=7054.
2. Akst, "Robots with Artificial Intelligence."
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year. URL.
Example:
Akst, Daniel. "Should Robots with Artificial Intelligence Have Moral or Legal Rights?" Wall Street Journal, April 10, 2023. https://login.lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/usmajordailies/newspapers/should-robots-with-artificial-intelligence-have/docview/2798764407/sem-2?accountid=7054.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year, URL.
Example:
1. Nusaiba Mizan, "Girl Scout Cookies Price Hike: What's the Price Per Box and Where Is the Money Going?," Houston Chronicle, January 26, 2024, https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/retail/article/girl-scouts-cookies-price-increase-18628206.php.
2. Mizan, "Girl Scout Cookies."
Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year. URL.
Example:
Mizan, Nusaiba. "Girl Scout Cookies Price Hike: What's the Price Per Box and Where is the Money Going?" Houston Chronicle, January 26, 2024. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/retail/article/girl-scouts-cookies-price-increase-18628206.php.
If a source does not include a date of publication or revision, include an access date.
1. "Webpage," Website, Date, URL.
Example:
1. "Shrinking Moon Causing Moonquakes and Faults Near Lunar South Pole," NASA, January 25, 2024, https://www.nasa.gov/earth/moon/shrinking-moon-causing-moonquakes-and-faults-near-lunar-south-pole/.
2. "Shrinking Moon."
"Webpage." Website. Date. URL.
Example:
"Shrinking Moon Causing Moonquakes and Faults Near Lunar South Pole." NASA. January 25, 2024. https://www.nasa.gov/earth/moon/shrinking-moon-causing-moonquakes-and-faults-near-lunar-south-pole/.
According to the Chicago Manual of Style, social media usually just needs to be cited in the text and a footnote if needed. It does not need to be included in the bibliography.
Lone Star College announced on X: "We received approval to offer bachelor's degrees, including Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Bachelor of Applied Technology in Cybersecurity; and Bachelor of Applied Science in Energy, Manufacturing & Trades Management" (@lonestarcollege, December 11, 2019).
1 Author FirstName LastName (@username), "Text of post," Platform, Date, URL.
Example:
1 Lone Star College (@lonestarcollege), "We received approval to offer bachelor's degrees, including Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Bachelor of Applied Technology in Cybersecurity; and Bachelor of Applied Science in Energy, Manufacturing & Trades Management," X post, December 11, 2019, https://twitter.com/lonestarcollege/status/1204842366357651456.
2 Lone Star College, "Approval to Offer Bachelor's."
1 Author FirstName LastName (@username), "Text of post," Platform, Date, URL.
Example:
1 Lone Star College (@lonestarcollege), "The Houston Business Journal named Mario K. Castillo, J.D., LSC chancellor among the Top 100 Texans who have made an impact in 2023," Instagram photo, January 12, 2024, https://www.instagram.com/p/C2BElOfMWpc/.
Like social media, blogs are typically only cited in footnotes. If used frequently, it can be included in your bibliography.
1. Author First Name, Last Name, "Title of Blog Post," Blog Name (blog), Publisher, Date, URL.
Example:
1. Russell Harper, "What Do Chatbots Know?," CMOS Shop Talk (blog), Chicago Manual of Style, November 21, 2023, https://cmosshoptalk.com/2023/11/21/what-do-chatbots-know/.
2. Harper, "What Do Chatbots."
Author Last Name, First Name. Blog Name (blog). Publisher. Date. URL.
Example:
Russell Harper. CMOS Shop Talk (blog). Chicago Manual of Style. November 21, 2023. https://cmosshoptalk.com/2023/11/21/what-do-chatbots-know/.
1. "Video Title," posted Month Day, Year, by username, Platform/Website, length of video, URL.
Example:
1. "What is 8-bit?," posted August 28, 2015, by Pocket Gamer, YouTube, 00:05:42, https://youtu.be/QaIoW1aL9GE?si=ASBb8YXbVVITuvjf.
2. "What is 8-bit," 00:03:30-00:03:45.
"Video Title." Posted Month Day, Year, by username. Platform/Website, video length. URL.
Example:
"What is 8-bit?" Posted Aug 28, 2015, by Pocket Gamer. YouTube, 00:05:42. https://youtu.be/QaIoW1aL9GE?si=ASBb8YXbVVITuvjf.
1. Author First Name Last Name, "Video Title," Platform, Place, Month Day Year, run time, URL.
Example:
1. Graham Shaw, "Why People Believe They Can't Draw," TEDxHull, Hull, February 2015, 15 min., 5 sec., https://www.ted.com/talks/graham_shaw_why_people_believe_they_can_t_draw.
2. Shaw, "Why People Believe," 00:10:45.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Video Title." Platform, Place, Month Day, Year. Video, run time. URL.
Example:
Shaw, Graham. "Why People Believe They Can't Draw." TEDxHull, Hull, February 2015. Video, 15 min., 5 sec. https://www.ted.com/talks/graham_shaw_why_people_believe_they_can_t_draw.
Format is the version you viewed (ex-DVD, YouTube, etc).
Cite the video first using the original release information, and then add in details about the digital version.
1. Title of Motion Picture, directed by Director First Name Last Name (Release Date; Publisher, Year), Format.
Example:
1. Black Panther, directed by Ryan Coogler (2018; Buena Vista Home Entertainment, 2018), DVD.
2. Black Panther.
Title of Motion Picture. Directed by Director First Name Last Name. Original Release Date; Publisher, Year. Format.
Example:
Black Panther. Directed by Ryan Coogler. 2018; Buena Vista Home Entertainment, 2018. DVD.
Format is the version you viewed (ex-DVD, YouTube, etc).
Cite the video first using the original release information, and then add in details about the digital version.
1. Title of Motion Picture, directed by Director First Name Last Name (Publisher, Year), Format, URL.
Example:
1. Othello, directed by Oliver Parker (Columbia Pictures, 1995), Swank Digital Campus video, https://digitalcampus.swankmp.net/lsconline395001/play/5b248cf117888f54?referrer=direct.
2. Othello.
Title of Motion Picture. Directed by Director First Name Last Name. Publisher, Year. Format. URL.
Example:
Othello. Directed by Oliver Parker. Columbia Pictures, 1995. Swank Digital Campus video. https://digitalcampus.swankmp.net/lsconline395001/play/5b248cf117888f54?referrer=direct.
1. Series Title, season number, episode number, "Episode/Segment Title," directed by First Name Last Name, aired Month Day, Year, on Network Name, URL.
Example:
1. The Amazing Race, season 1, episode 10, "To the Physical and Mental Limit," directed by Bertram van Munster, aired November 21, 2001, on CBS, https://digitalcampus.swankmp.net/lsconline395001/watch/C1C2FD73531F1345?referrer=direct.
2. The Amazing Race, "To the Physical and Mental Limit."
Director Last Name, First Name, dir. Series Title. Season Number. episode number, "Episode/Segment Title." Aired Month Day, Year, on Network. URL.
Example:
Van Munster, Bertram, dir. The Amazing Race. Season 1, episode 10, "To the Physical and Mental Limit." Aired November 21, 2001, on CBS. https://digitalcampus.swankmp.net/lsconline395001/watch/C1C2FD73531F1345?referrer=direct.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Image Title, Year, Medium, Dimensions, Location, URL.
Example:
1. Kate Beaton, Tesla, Marconi, Edison, n.d., color comic, Hark! A Vagrant, http://www.harkavagrant.com/index.php?id=256.
2. Beaton, Tesla, Marconi, Edison.
Author Last Name, First Name. Image Title. Year. Medium, Dimensions. Location. URL.
Example:
Beaton, Kate. Tesla, Marconi, Edison. N.d. Color comic. Hark! A Vagrant. http://www.harkavagrant.com/index.php?id=256.
If viewed in person, leave off the URL.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Image Title, Year, Medium, Dimensions, Location, URL.
Example:
1. Georgia O'Keefe, Red Hill and White Shell, 1938, oil on canvas, 30 x 36.5 in, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/17860/red-hill-and-white-shell?ctx=c469d6c7436b6ddfaeba46e287e6d599ebbed0c0&idx=0
2. O'Keefe, Red Hill and White Shell.
Author Last Name, First Name. Image Title. Year. Medium, Dimensions. Location. URL.
Example:
O'Keefe, Georgia. Red Hill and White Shell. 1938. Oil on canvas, 30 x 36.5 in. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/17860/red-hill-and-white-shell?ctx=c469d6c7436b6ddfaeba46e287e6d599ebbed0c0&idx=0.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Image Name or Description, Year, Medium, Dimensions, Location, URL.
Example:
1. Liftarn, Cartoon Raccoon Holding a Blank Sign, 2024, clipart, Openclipart, https://openclipart.org/detail/346730/cartoon-raccoon-holding-blank-sign.
2. Liftarn, Cartoon Raccoon.
Author Last Name, First Name. Image Title. Year. Medium, Dimensions. Location. URL.
Example:
Liftarn. Cartoon Raccoon Holding a Blank Sign. 2024. Clipart. Openclipart. https://openclipart.org/detail/346730/cartoon-raccoon-holding-blank-sign.
If your source doesn't indicate a date of recording or publication, use other sources to find this information (Google it!).
Recordings on LP or disc will typically have an acquisition number, which can be included after the name of the recording company.
1. Creator or Group, "Title of Song," other contributors, recording date, Recording Company acquisition number, track number on Album Title, year of release, format, time stamp.
Example:
1. Dua Lipa, performer, "Dance the Night," by Dua Lipa and Caroline Ailin, recorded 2022, Atlantic 075678616006, track 2 on Barbie the Album, 2023, compact disc, 1:10.
2. Lipa, "Dance the Night," 0:35.
Creator or Group. Album Title. Recording Company acquisition number, Recording date, format.
Example:
Ronson, Mark, Kevin Weaver, and Brandon David, producers. Barbie the Album. Atlantic 075678616006, 2023, compact disc.
1. Creator or Group, Album Title, Recording Company acquisition number, Recording date, format.
Example:
1. David Bowie, performer, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, EMI 7243 5 39826 2 1, 1972. compact disc.
2. Bowie, Ziggy Stardust.
Creator or Group. Album Title. Recording Company acquisition number, Recording date, format.
Example:
Bowie, David, performer. The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. EMI 7243 5 39826 2 1, 1972, compact disc.
1 Creator First Name Last Name, Title of Work, other contributors, (Publisher, Year), Format, timestamp.
Example:
1 Ernest Cline, Ready Player One, read by Wil Wheaton, (Random House Audio, 2011), Audible audio ed., 1:05:10.
2 Cline, Ready Player One, 14:20:15.
Creator Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Other contributors. Publisher, Year. Format, duration.
Example:
Cline, Ernest. Ready Player One. Read by Wil Wheaton. Random House Audio, 2011. Audible audio ed., 15 hr., 40 min.
1 Creator First Name Last Name, Title of Work, podcast, season number, episode number, "Title of Episode," Production Studio or publisher, release date, URL.
Example:
1 Sarah Gonzalez and Kenny Malone, hosts, Planet Money, podcast, "Why '90s Ads Are Unforgettable," NPR, December 13, 2023, 00:14:00-00:15:00, https://www.npr.org/2023/12/13/1197956022/got-milk-soap-operas-advertising.
2 Gonzalez and Malone, "Why '90s Ads," 00:05:00-00:07:00.
Creator Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Podcast, season number, episode number, "Title of Episode." Production Studio or publisher, release date. URL.
Example:
Gonzalez, Sarah and Kenny Malone, hosts. Planet Money. Podcast, "Why '90s Ads Are Unforgettable." NPR, December 13, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/12/13/1197956022/got-milk-soap-operas-advertising.
1 Creator First Name Last Name, host, Title of Work, Production studio, date, URL.
Example:
1 Danielle Fishel et al, hosts. Pod Meets World. iHeart Radio, 2022. https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1119-pod-meets-world-98589488/.
2 Fishel et al, Pod Meets World.
Creator Last Name, First Name, host. Title of Work. Production studio, date. URL.
Example:
Danielle Fishel, Rider Strong, and Will Freidle, hosts. Pod Meets World. iHeart Radio, 2022. https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1119-pod-meets-world-98589488/.
The Chicago Manual of Style defers to the standard legal citation system from the Bluebook for citing legal sources.
Legal publications only need to be cited in the notes and not in bibliography.
1 Name v. Name, Volume no. Reporter Abbreviation Page no. (Name of Court (abbrev.) Year), URL
Example:
2 Brown, 347 U.S. at 485.
Laws are collected in the United States Statutes at Large (Stat.) and then are incorporated into the United States Code (U.S.C.).
1 Name of the Legislation, volume no. Series name Series no. (Year), URL
Example:
1 Limitations on Exclusive Rights: Fair Use, 17 U.S.C. §107 (1992), hhttps://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCODE-2022-title17/USCODE-2022-title17-chap1-sec107.
1 Name of the Bill, Bill no., No. of Cong., section no. (Year).
Example:
1 WILD Act, H. R. 5009, 118th Cong. (2024).
If a source does not include a date of publication or revision, include an access date.
1. Author FirstName LastName, "Webpage," Website, Date, URL.
Example:
1. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Librarians and Media Specialists," Occupational Outlook Handbook, September 6, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/librarians.htm.
2. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Librarians and Media Specialists."
LastName, FirstName. "Webpage." Website. Date. URL.
Example:
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Librarians and Media Specialists." Occupational Outlook Handbook. September 6, 2023. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/librarians.htm.
1. Government Department, Agency, or Committee, Title of Government Publication, Date, Page number, URL.
Example:
1. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2023 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report, December 2023, 617, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CMR-HE20_6500-00184279/pdf/CMR-HE20_6500-00184279.pdf.
2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2023 National Healthcare, 187-8.
Government Department, Agency, or Committee. Title of Government Publication. Date. URL.
Example:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2023 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report. December 2023. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CMR-HE20_6500-00184279/pdf/CMR-HE20_6500-00184279.pdf.
Chicago Manual of Style has provided some new and developing guidance on how to cite AI generated content in your paper.
Example:
1 AI Tool, response to "response text," Publisher, Date, URL to tool.
Example:
Personal communications, including email, text messages, and direct messages sent via social media, are typically cited in the text or in a note only. They are very rarely included in the bibliography.
1 Author First Name Last Name, description of communication, Date.
Example:
1 Jane Smith, personal interview, January 15, 2024.
1 Author First Name Last Name, description of communication, Date.
Example:
1 Megan Hopwood, email to author, February 15, 2023.
